Author (publication years) |
Injury period (End of follow-up) |
Geographic location |
Selection criteria |
Cases (Deaths) |
Survival parameter |
Results (Group) |
Relative survival1 (Group) |
Mesard et al. (1978) |
01.10.1955 to 30.09.1965 (30.06.1967) |
Washington, DC, USA |
Veterans with SCI treated in a Veterans Administration hospital that survived the first three months |
2323 (1276) |
10 year cumulative survival probability (CSP) |
86% (paraplegic)
|
88%
|
| 80% (tetraplegic) |
82% |
Whiteneck et al. (1992) |
01.01.1943 to 31.12.1970 (21.12.1990) |
Aylesbury and Southport, England |
SCI cases treated in two rehabilitation hospitals that resided in a thirteen county catchment area surrounding the hospitals. Admitted within one year of injury and survived the first year. Losses to follow-up |
834 (362) |
10 year CSP
|
85% |
7 extra deaths/1000 pop. (age 20-30 yrs.) |
| 20 year CSP |
71% |
| 30 year CSP | 53% | |
| 40 year CSP | 35% |
| | 10 year CSP:
Incomplete paraplegia
96% (<30 years)
84% (30-49
years)
67% (50+ years)
Complete paraplegia
91% (<30 years)
81%
(30-49 years)
50% (50+ years)
Incomplete tetraplegia
96% (<30
years)
70% (30-49 years)
56% (50+ years)
Complete tetraplegia
86%
(<30 years)
71% (30-49 years)
53% (50+ years) |
25 extra deaths/1000 pop. (age 60-70 yrs.) |
Kraus et al. (1979) |
01.1.1971 to 31.12.1971 (31.12.1976) |
California, USA |
SCI cases residing in Northern California that survived more than one day |
619 (320) |
5 to 6 year CSP |
84% |
94.8%2 |
DeVivo et al. (1987) |
01.01.1973 to 21.12.1980 (21.12.1981) |
Multi-state and multi-centre, USA |
SCI cases treated in seven rehabilitation hospitals. Admitted within one year of
injury and survived more than one day. Losses to follow-up |
5131 (459) |
7 year CSP |
86.7% overall |
| Incomplete paraplegia3 |
| 94.8%+ 3.5%(1-24 years) | 95.9% |
| 89.9%+ 5.1%(25-49 years) | 91.5% |
| 65.9%+13.7%(50+ years) | 75.7% |
| Complete paraplegia |
| 94.7%+ 2.4%(1-24 years) | 95.9% |
| 90.0%+ 3.5%(25-49 years) | 91.6% |
| 72.9%+ 10.2%(50+ years) | 82.8% |
| Incomplete tetraplegia |
| 96.4%+ 1.8%(1-24 years) | 97.6% |
| 88.4%+ 5.3%(25-49 years) | 90.1% |
| 55.5%+ 10.6%(50+ years) | 66.1% |
| Complete tetraplegia | |
| 89.2%+ 2.9%(1-24 years) | 90.3% |
| 79.6%+ 5.3%(25-49 years) | 80.8% |
| 22.7%+ 11.6%(50+ years) | 27.2% |
DeVivo et al. (1992a) |
01.01.1973 to 31.12.1984 (31.12.1985) |
Multi-state and multi-centre, USA |
SCI cases treated in thirteen rehabilitation hospitals. Admitted within one year of
injury and survived more than one day. Losses to follow-up |
9135 (854) |
7 year CSP
|
89.2% overall |
| 12 year CSP | 85.1% overall |
| Incomplete paraplegia3 |
| 94.5%+ 2.5%(1-24 years) | 96.5% |
| 91.6%+ 2.9%(25-49 years) | 94.8% |
| 72.5%+ 9.8%(50+ years) | 96.9% |
| Complete paraplegia |
| 93.5%+ 2.7%(1-24 years) | 95.5% |
| 89.1%+ 2.7%(25-49 years) | 91.9% |
| 60.8%+ 14.7%(50+ years) | 81.8% |
| Incomplete tetraplegia |
| 94.8%+ 2.2%(1-24 years) | 96.8% |
| 89.0%+ 3.3%(25-49 years) | 92.5% |
| 52.6%+ 12.9%(50+ years) | 77.6% |
| Complete tetraplegia | |
| 87.1%+ 2.9%(1-24 years) | 90.0% |
| 71.8%+ 5.7%(25-49 years) | 74.0% |
| 18.1%+ 8.0%(50+ years) | 26.9% |
Geisler et al. (1983) |
01.12.1973
to 31.12.1980 (n.a.) |
Ontario,
Canada |
SCI
cases treated in rehabilitation hospital that survived more than one year.
Losses to follow-up |
1478
(194) |
Extra
deaths per 1000 person years |
|
15.2
extra deaths |
Griffin
et al. (1985) |
01.01.1935
to 31.12.1981 (n.a.) |
Minnesota,
USA |
All
SCI cases residing in Olmsted County admitted to Mayo Clinic |
154
(117 at 10 years, 138 at 20 years) |
10
year and 20 year CSP for those surviving at least a year |
87%
(10 year)
78% (20 year) |
20
year RS based on CSP estimated at 85% (age <35 years) and 71% (age 35+
years)4 |
DeVivo
et al. (1992b and 1992c) |
01.01.1971
to 21.12.1986 (n.a.) |
Multi-state
and multi-centre, USA |
SCI
cases treated in six rehabilitation hospitals. Admitted within one year of
injury and survived more than one day. Losses to follow-up |
6563
(330) |
2
year CSP5 |
90.0%
(1973-77)
90.4% (1978-80)
92.1% (1981-83)
94.1% (1984-86) |
n.a. |
Samsa et al. (1993) |
01.01.1940 to 01.06.1987 (n.a.) |
USA |
Veterans with SCI that survived more than three months |
5545 (n.a.) |
40 year CSP |
48% approx. |
72%6 |
Kiwerski
et al. (1993) |
01.01.1965
to 31.12.1989 (n.a.) |
Konstancin,
Poland |
SCI
cases treated in rehabilitation hospital who were admitted within two weeks of
injury |
3486
(311) |
8
and 9 year CSP |
87.4%
(1965-73)
88.1% (1974-81)
91.2% (1982-89) |
n.a. |
McColl et al. (1997) |
01.01.1945 to 31.12.1990 (31.12.1991) |
Ontario, Canada |
SCI cases treated at two rehabilitation hospitals covering central and southeastern
Ontario. Aged 25-34 years and survived at least one year |
606 (142) |
10 year CSP |
92% |
n.a. |
| 20 year CSP | 81% |
| 30 year CSP | 63% |
| 40 year CSP | 43% |
Hartkopp et al. (1997a, 1997b) |
01.01.1953 to 31.12.1990 (31.12.1992) |
Denmark |
SCI cases treated in rehabilitation hospital covering east and southeast Denmark,
Greenland and Faroe Island. Excludes patients requiring permanent respiratory support |
888 (236) |
10 year CSP |
78.7% (males, 1953-71) |
84.0% |
| 86.8% (males, 1972-90) | 93.8% | |
| 72.1% (females, 1953-71) | 74.6% | |
| 86.9% (females, 1972-90) | 92.0% | |
| 20 year CSP | 60.6% (males) | 90.6% |
| 66.7% (females) | 87.2% | |
Yeo et al. (1998) |
01.01.1955 to 31.12.1994 (01.07.1996) |
New South Wales, Australia |
SCI cases treated in rehabilitation hospital covering part of Sydney. Excludes
deaths within 18 months |
1453 (329) |
25 year CSP |
80% (paraplegic) |
91% |
| 72% (tetraplegic) |
81% |
n.a. not available